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Summarizing table

Recapture

In Norumsån, 40 out of 131 released fish (30%) survived the 36 day period in natural conditions. No statistically significant difference in re-capture frequency was found between the two treatment groups (28% and 33% from the Restricted and Control treatment, respectively, p>0.1).

In Stenungeån, 69 out of 139 (49.5 %) of the released fish were recaptured. Just as in Norumsån, no difference was detected in the re-capture frequency between the treatments (55% and 43% from the Restricted and Control treatment, respectively).   

Activity and Body size

Activity (open field) was positively associated to the probability of survival under natural conditions in both Norumsån and Stenungeån (Figure 3). Significant repeatability in activity level was found in both treatment groups in both streams (Figure 4).

Standard length was positively associated with probability of survival in the stream in Norumsån but not in Stenungeån (Figure 5). Table 2 summarizes all statistical results.  

In Stenungeån the overall activity level (both treatments included) increased over time in laboratory conditions (F1; 138 =18.21 p<0.0001). No change in activity level was found between the two trials in Norumsån. 

There was no effect of treatment on change in activity level over time in any of the two stream populations (Norumsån: F1; 129 =0.64 ; p=0.42, Stenungeån: F1;138 =1.92, p=0.17). 

Figure 3. Predicted probability of survival for the brown trout fry (by GLM) depending on activity level in Norumsån and Stenungeån. Plots on the top and bottom represent survivors and dead fish, respectively.
Figure 4.Correlation in activity level between the first (x-axis) and second (y-axis) behavioural trial for each individual in the two treatment groups Control and Restricted in Norumsån (Norumsån) and Stenungeån (Stenungeån). Solid lines represent fitted regression lines where significant correlation was found in all four cases (Norumsån; Control: R2=0.19, p=0.0004; Restricted: R2=0.21, p<0.0001. Stenungeån; Control: R2=0.25, p<0.0001; Restricted: R2=0.37, p<0.0001). Dashed lines represent 1:1 behaviour between the first and second trials.
Figure 5.Predicted probability of survival for the brown trout fry (by GLM) depending on standard length in Norumsån and Stenungeån, respectively. Plots on the top and bottom represent survivors and dead fish, respectively. Association in Stenungeån is not statistically significant.

Compensatory growth

Body condition was fully recovered during the refeeding period in both the Norumsån-experiment (t=9.26, p<0.0001) and Stenungeån-experiment (t=11.01, p<0.0001) (Figure 6). During the periods in natural conditions no statistically significant difference in condition factor was found between treatment groups.

The specific growth rate in weight during the refeeding period was higher in the Restricted group than in the Control group in both Norumsån (t= -7.88, p<0.0001) and Stenungeån (t=-4.72, p=0.0004) (Figure 6). During the period in natural conditions no statistically significant effect of feeding treatment was found in specific growth rate for weight.

No compensatory growth in length was found during the refeeding period in any of the streams (Figure 6). During the periods in natural conditions no statistically significant effect of feeding treatment was found in specific growth rate in length.

Figure 6. Mean weight, length and body condition (K-value) for the two treatments Control (circles) and Restricted (squares) at the four different measuring sessions in Norumsån and 2 (Stenungeån). Solid lines (Control) and dashed lines (Restricted) show growth trajectories. Error bars show standard deviation (95% CI).

Correlations between traits

Fish in the restricted group showed a positive association between activity level and specific growth rate in length during the refeeding period in both Norumsån (R2=0.19, p=0.0003) and Stenungeån (R2=0.10, p=0.004). This association was not found in the Control groups. The association was statistical significantly different between treatment groups in Norumsån (F=5.997, p=0.016) but not in Stenungeån (F=0.932, p=0.34) (Table 2).

Length and activity showed a weak positive association, both before experimental start (R2=0.08, p=0.0003) and during refeeding (R2=0.1, p=0.0002) in Stenungeån. In Norumsån such positive association was only found in the restricted group during refeeding (R2=0.32, p>0.0001) (Table 2).

There was no association between length and growth rate during any periods of the experiment. 

Body condition was not associated with activity level during any parts of the experiment in any of the two experiments.


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Last updated: 06/05/14