Dogs have lived integrated in human society for at least 15.000 years and yet not much is known about what is really going on in the mind of our best friends. Many dog owners would claim without hesitation that their dogs easily understand communicative signals given by humans. This is indeed true at least to some degree as dogs actually show an outstanding ability to use human given communicative signals. With this ability they even outperform humans’ closest living relative, the chimpanzee.

But how much do dogs actually understand about the communicative situation?